An L’nuey Campaign
300 years
peace & friendship treaties
june 4 1726 – june 4 2026
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First & Foundational
In 1725/26 the first and foundational treaty in the Covenant Chain of treaties, the Peace and Friendship Treaties, was signed between the nations of the Wabanaki Confederacy (the Mi’kmaq, the Wolastoqiyik, Peskotomuhkati, and Penobscot), and the British. It was the first treaty any of these nations had entered with a European nation.
the negotiation
The Penobscot negotiated the terms on behalf of their Indigenous allies in December 1725 in Boston.
4 june 1726
Representatives of Mi’kmaw communities then first ratified the treaty on 4 June 1726 at Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. Some Indigenous representatives ratified later that year and up to 1728.
No Land Cession
The Indigenous nations did not cede lands as part of these treaties.
Reciprocal Terms
The terms of the treaty were reciprocal and meant to allow for a peaceful co-existence of Indigenous nations and British settlers. Its terms formed the basis for subsequent treaties in 1749, 1752, 1760-61, and 1777-79, when the original terms were renewed and reaffirmed.
Building blocks of canada
The Treaty of 1726 and the Peace and Friendship Treaties that followed, were solemn agreements between Nations and became critical building blocks in the formation of Canada.
Still Valid Today
The Supreme Court of Canada has affirmed that the Peace and Friendship Treaties remain valid.
we are all
treaty people
“We are all Treaty People” means that all Canadians are descended from — and part of — this ongoing treaty relationship.
